I believe that the answer to these questions may be derived from a modi?ed version of Table 2. It is then possible to identify the most common tool technology for any category, and this describes whether the tool in question is either a New Tool or an Old Tool which is the basis for Table 3 highlights the fact that knowledge management incorporates so many aspects of technology, that these technologies have been previously regarded as specialist technologies in their own right, and it has not been obvious that these tools need to be combined with other tools to achieve their greatest potential i.e. `The whole is greater than the sum of the parts'. Knowledge management is the umbrella that pulls these tools together as they are all closely related.