In attempting to evaluate the quality of public governance, Bovaird reviews various
indicators,models and methodologies drawn from around the world (Bovaird, 2003). In a
subsequent contribution, he points to the increasing interest in different types of values;
different types of policy-making process; different types of organization and
stakeholder. In first case, he extends it beyond values to users of public services to
include wider affected groups and social, environmental and political values. This case,
along with the other two, is likely to be set within a trust framework as the traditional
constitutional “checks and balances” approach to public governance comes under stress.
The trust framework is one in which stakeholders in public governance are entrusted
with participation rights so as to achieve a balance between civic virtue (public values)
and the need to protect citizens from those seeking to exploit them (Bovaird, 2005).