II. FACTUAL ASPECTS
2.1 Brazil's complaint is focused on the alleged use by the United States Department of Commerce ("USDOC") of a particular methodology, known as "zeroing", when calculating the margin of dumping of investigated exporters in the anti-dumping proceedings conducted against certain orange juice products from Brazil (case No. A-351.840). In particular, Brazil challenges the alleged use of "simple zeroing" for the purpose of calculating the margins of dumping, cash deposit rates and relevant importer-specific assessment rates for two respondents, Sucocítrico Cutrale S.A. ("Cutrale") and Fischer S.A. Comércio, Indústria e Agricultura ("Fischer") in the First and Second Administrative Reviews. In addition, Brazil challenges the USDOC's alleged "continued use of zeroing" as "ongoing conduct" in successive anti-dumping proceedings, including in the original investigation resulting in the imposition of the anti-dumping duty order on certain orange juice products from Brazil , and each of the first three administrative reviews related to that order.
2.2 Brazil alleges two types of "zeroing" in this dispute, which it describes as constituting different aspects of the same methodology: "model zeroing" and "simple zeroing". According to Brazil, "model zeroing" involves a number of steps: First, the product under consideration is sub-divided into a series of "averaging groups" or "models", and an annual weighted-average normal value and export price is calculated for the transactions falling within each group or model. A comparison is then made between the annual weighted-average price of all export transactions and the annual weighted-average price of all domestic market transactions in the same group or model. Next, the multiple comparison results are aggregated and divided by the total value of all comparable export transactions for all groups or models to arrive at a weighted-average margin of dumping. In summing the comparison results by group or model, positive differences (i.e., where the weighted average price of export transactions is less than the weighted-average normal value of the model or group) are added to determine the total amount of dumping, but all comparison results showing negative results are disregarded or given a value of zero in the aggregation exercise. This practice of disregarding or counting as zero the negative results of weighted-average normal value to weighted-average export price comparisons ("W-W") is what Brazil describes as "model zeroing". Brazil notes that the USDOC ceased to apply "model zeroing" in February 2007 , after the results of the original investigation into exports of orange juice products from Brazil were issued.
ครั้งที่สองเรื่องด้าน2.1 ร้องเรียนบราซิลเน้นใช้ถูกกล่าวหา โดยสหรัฐอเมริกากรมพาณิชย์ ("USDOC") ของวิธีการ เรียกว่า "zeroing" เมื่อคำนวณกำไรเบื้องต้นของการถ่ายโอนข้อมูลของผู้ส่งออกที่ตรวจสอบในกระบวนการพิจารณาต่อต้าน dumping ดำเนินการกับบางผลิตภัณฑ์น้ำส้มจากบราซิล (กรณีหมายเลข A-351.840) โดยเฉพาะ บราซิลท้าทายใช้ถูกกล่าวหา "zeroing อย่าง" เพื่อคำนวณระยะขอบของการถ่ายโอนข้อมูล อัตราดอกเบี้ยเงินฝากเงินสด และราคาประเมินเฉพาะผู้นำเข้าที่เกี่ยวข้องสำหรับผู้ตอบสอง S.A. Cutrale Sucocítrico ("Cutrale") และฟิสเชอร์ S.A. Comércio, e Indústria Agricultura ("ตื่น") ในครั้งแรกและจัดการรีวิวที่สอง นอกจากนี้ บราซิลท้าทาย USDOC ถูกกล่าวหา "ยังคงใช้ zeroing" เป็น "ปฏิบัติอย่างต่อเนื่อง" ในการต่อต้านถ่ายโอนข้อมูลตอน รวมทั้งในต้นฉบับเกิดขึ้นในการใช้ใบหน้าที่ป้องกันถ่ายโอนข้อมูลในบางผลิตภัณฑ์น้ำส้มจากบราซิล และรีวิวจากผู้ดูแลก่อนสามแห่งที่เกี่ยวข้องกับใบสั่งที่ 2.2 Brazil alleges two types of "zeroing" in this dispute, which it describes as constituting different aspects of the same methodology: "model zeroing" and "simple zeroing". According to Brazil, "model zeroing" involves a number of steps: First, the product under consideration is sub-divided into a series of "averaging groups" or "models", and an annual weighted-average normal value and export price is calculated for the transactions falling within each group or model. A comparison is then made between the annual weighted-average price of all export transactions and the annual weighted-average price of all domestic market transactions in the same group or model. Next, the multiple comparison results are aggregated and divided by the total value of all comparable export transactions for all groups or models to arrive at a weighted-average margin of dumping. In summing the comparison results by group or model, positive differences (i.e., where the weighted average price of export transactions is less than the weighted-average normal value of the model or group) are added to determine the total amount of dumping, but all comparison results showing negative results are disregarded or given a value of zero in the aggregation exercise. This practice of disregarding or counting as zero the negative results of weighted-average normal value to weighted-average export price comparisons ("W-W") is what Brazil describes as "model zeroing". Brazil notes that the USDOC ceased to apply "model zeroing" in February 2007 , after the results of the original investigation into exports of orange juice products from Brazil were issued.
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