Since no one has studied the effect of normal stress on eFLC, in
this paper eFLCs under different levels of through-thickness
normal stresses are shown in Fig. 8. It is clear that normal stress also affect the path independent FLCs. Similar to the influence of
normal stress on traditional FLCs, normal stress can increase the
critical equivalent strain.
In order to qualify the sensitivity of eFLC to normal stress, the
formability increase for AA6011 under different levels of throughthickness
normal stresses is calculated and listed in Table 3. For
eFLC, the formability increase is also described by the increase of
the lowest point in the FLC. The results indicate the sensitivity of
eFLC to normal stress is similar to that of traditional FLC.