This figure shows that the matrix of specimens is made of large perlite which formed from
austenite along with ledeburite (cementite and small perlite islands). Regarding the ternary equilibrium phase diagram, the alloy containing 3 wt.% titanium during the cooling from molten state initially produced TiC phases and austenite. Then austenite growth, while at the end of the remaining melt due to a eutectic transformation at 1140 °C changes to austenite, cementite and titanium carbide, regarding the following reaction: