However, the most significant drawback of current research is the assumption that the company is owner-
controlled if the largest shareholder has 20% or more of the total shares and the company is manager-controlled
if no shareholder owns 5% or more of the total shares. Neither the justification for creating such an artificial
dichotomy from a sample of continuous data on the concentration of stock ownership, nor the statistical implication
of this practice, is evident ([15]). [15] proposes that in order to avoid the arbitrary classification of firm
ownership, a continuous variable measuring the degree to which a firm is closely held should be employed.