A change in supply chain thinking, and also in marketing communications thinking is the move from push models of selling to pull models or combined push–pull approaches. The push model is illustrated by a manufacture who perhaps develops an innovative product and then identifies a suitable target market. A distribution channel is then created to push the product to the market. This situation is shown in Figure 6.3 (a) where it can be characterized by the statement ‘This is a great product, now who shall we sell it to’ or the quip about the original model T Ford – ‘you can have any colour, so long as it is black’. The typical motivation for a push approach is to optimize the production process for cost and efficiency.