The dissolution of feathers can be divided into two stages,
including swelling and solubilization. The first stage is that solvent
molecules gradually permeate into feathers so that the physical
interactions of feather keratin are taken place by interactions
between solvent molecules and feather keratin. The second stage
is that chains of feather keratin unfold from aggregation due to
salvation effects and reduction of disulfide bonds. Therefore, solubility
of feathers is significantly related to polarity of ionic liquid
and the yield of keratin is increased with the increasing polarity
of ionic liquid. Reactions were conducted with different mass ratio
of feathers to ionic liquid (1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:45 and 1:50)
under identical conditions. As a result (Fig. 1b), although the highest
yield of 21.75% was obtained when the mass ratio was 1:45, the
yield of keratin was increased slowly with mass ratio from 1:40 to
1:45 and declined with further increase of mass ratio. This effect
could be attributed to that ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] could produce
electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions between itself
and feather keratin [20]. It also indicated that part of peptide bond
of feather keratin was disrupted when excessive amounts of ionic
liquid were applied. From these results, the mass ratio of feathers
to ionic liquid 1:40 was adopted in the subsequent experiments
considering the cost of ionic liquid.
The dissolution of feathers can be divided into two stages,including swelling and solubilization. The first stage is that solventmolecules gradually permeate into feathers so that the physicalinteractions of feather keratin are taken place by interactionsbetween solvent molecules and feather keratin. The second stageis that chains of feather keratin unfold from aggregation due tosalvation effects and reduction of disulfide bonds. Therefore, solubilityof feathers is significantly related to polarity of ionic liquidand the yield of keratin is increased with the increasing polarityof ionic liquid. Reactions were conducted with different mass ratioof feathers to ionic liquid (1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:45 and 1:50)under identical conditions. As a result (Fig. 1b), although the highestyield of 21.75% was obtained when the mass ratio was 1:45, theyield of keratin was increased slowly with mass ratio from 1:40 to1:45 and declined with further increase of mass ratio. This effectcould be attributed to that ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] could produceelectrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions between itselfand feather keratin [20]. It also indicated that part of peptide bondof feather keratin was disrupted when excessive amounts of ionicliquid were applied. From these results, the mass ratio of feathersto ionic liquid 1:40 was adopted in the subsequent experimentsconsidering the cost of ionic liquid.
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