Then, from the 1880s onward, a series of reactions against High Victorian taste took place — Aestheticism, Art Nouveau, Japonisme, the Arts and Crafts movement, the Celtic Revival and the Liberty style, and finally Art Deco, which reached its height much later, in the 1930s and ‘40s.
The nineteenth century was the turning point for technical development in printing. At the beginning of the century, books with color plates were hand-colored by artists, using techniques dating back to the Renaissance. A hundred years later, the photo-reproductive techniques, mechanization of typesetting, and the steam-driven printing press introduced processes which would be used until the computer revolution in another hundred years.