Since 1990, formal private employees were obligated to join the SHI. All four of these programs
(LICS, CSMBS, SHI, and VHC) provided a comprehensive outpatient and inpatient package,
except a few high-cost services; CSMBS has was the best package. UHC was achieved in 2002
when the LICS and VHC were combined and covered the remaining 30 percent of uninsured
people under the UCS (SHI and CSMBS remained unchanged). Financial risk protection
expanded according to different population groups—a pragmatic and politically feasible
approach.