Quantitative multiple scenario tools
These tools analyze decisions by fully specifying possible outcomes and their probabilities. They use mathematical, statistical, and simulation methods to identify the risk/return properties of possible choices. The tools include:
• Monte Carlo methods, which use computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results
• decision analysis, which uses outcome scenarios and probabilities to identify the best decision to make given different decision-maker objectives
• real options, which applies the concept of financial option valuation to “real” situations and allows managers to quantify the costs and benefits of flexibility when making decisions under uncertainty