First, the landscape concept can be made more dynamic. Early publications characterized the socio-technical landscape as stable or very slow moving, like soil conditions, lakes and mountain ranges in
biological evolution. Van Driel and Schot (2005) developed a more differentiated view with three types
of landscape dynamics: (1) factors that do not change (or that change very slowly), such as physical
climate, (2) rapid external shocks, such as wars or oil price fluctuations, and (3) long-term changes in
a certain direction (trend-like patterns), such as demographical changes.