for coordinating, delegating and supervising work in a skill
mix team.
A school nurse working shared her experience in collaborating
with other professionals such as teachers, doctors and
staff from the Department:
I need to collaborate with the school teachers by integrating health
domains into the school curriculum. (Participant No. 2)
Another school nurse stated the following:
I have to collaborate with other professionals from NGOs to deliver
workshops and health talks on identifying the symptoms and
management of chronic illnesses and first aid course for teachers
and parents. (Participant No. 10)
The school nurses worked as a liaison between family,
school and community to identify the students’ health
needs. The school nurse was the case manager, liaising with
relevant stakeholders including the school, family and
society to meet the students’ special health and educational
needs. School nurses can direct the student to continue a
sick leave, contact the parents to understand the reason and
give them some better suggestions regarding their health
choices:
I was able to collaborate with school personnel, family and the lunch
cook by promoting ‘low salt and low fat’ healthy eating concepts for
the students’ selection of lunch menu. (Participant No. 6)
Sometimes I have to liaise and collaborate among the school
personnel, family and healthcare professionals in the community to
work together in furthering the campaign towards a healthy
community. (Participant No. 4)
The responsibility of school nurses should be to liaise and
collaborate with community stakeholders, such as by maintaining
contact with hospitals, government, parents and
society to enhance the development students’ well-being in
school settings.
School nurses as health referrers
School nurses also made referrals by advocating students’
rights to access other healthcare systems and other community
health services. School nurses often engage in referring
the caring needs of students to other health care providers as
necessary.
A school nurse shared the following experience:
After delivering a health talk for students on the prevention of
sexually transmitted diseases and use of contraceptive methods to
avoid unplanned pregnancy, I also act as a resource person to refer
the concerned students for early identification and further investigation.
(Participant No. 12)
A school nurse delivered a health talk on healthy eating to
students and their parents. She shared her experience as
follows:
I delivered a health talk on essential nutrients and vitamins for the
physical and intellectual growth of students. (Participant No. 13)
Speaking of human rights, I believe that students should have the
right to access and choose adolescent-friendly health services in the
community without requiring parental consent. (Participant No. 13)
All the nurses in this study reported that they had contacted
other health professionals and made appropriate referrals
when necessary:
I usually contact other health care providers such as the student’s
family doctor when I am curious about a prescribed medication. I
also contact the NGOs when it is necessary to address the health and
well-being of the student. (Participant No. 1)
By being referred to appropriate health services and relevant
agents in the community, students are then able to have early
identification and appropriate treatment of their ailment.
This reduces the cost both of the healthcare burden and of
stationing the nurse in the school. The school nursing service
is a confidential service within the constraints of safeguarding
the health and welfare of students.
School nurses as administrators and housekeepers
The school nurses often engaged their duties with nonnursing
tasks including administrative paper work, managerial
jobs and housekeeping businesses. A few school nurses
mentioned:
I was assigned to check the cleanliness of the toilets and check the
stock of cupboards. (Participant No. 13)
The principal asked me to take the in-charge role to manage the
school staff. (Participant No. 2)
I was asked to dilute the alcohol as the cleaning solution of the whole
school (Participant No. 1)
Seven categories of the school nurse role were identified by
safeguarding the health and welfare of children and adolescents
in the Hong Kong school settings. In each of these
categories of nursing tasks, school nurse, teachers and other
stakeholders in both special and international schools had
shared the complementary roles to promote the health and
well-being of students in this study.
Discussion
In the study, the role of the school nurse has been identified
and it was quite diverse. School nurses acted as health
providers, promoters, counsellors, referrers, leaders and
collaborators and administrators and housekeepers. The role
of school nursing reported by the nurses in Hong Kong was
very similar to that in the UK, USA, Canada, Finland and
Taiwan, where school nurses have a diverse role in promoting
the health and well-being of students (NASN 2001, Tossavainen
et al. 2004, Canadian Public Health Association
2008, Welsh Assembly Government 2009).
Society has an emerging respect for the impact that the
school nurse can have on students’ health and education.
Thus, school nurses should capture this opportunity to
advance their roles to meet the needs of the primary and
secondary school students and communities they serve. Given
the findings of this study, it is important that the role of
school nurses is able to expand with collaboration and
partnership with other disciplines to promote the health and
well-being of students. Partnerships between other disciplines
and school nurses to target school-based health interventions
are critical as they enhance and expand the role of school
nurses. These findings were consistent with the other studies
reported the essential role of school nursing including the
collaboration and partnership with other community stakeholders
to promote the health and well-being of students in
school settings in UK and USA (Welsh Assembly Government
2009 & NASN 2001). Nurses are in a unique position by
virtue of their education and diversity of practice arenas to
contribute to the health of students in the school setting
(Brainerd 1998, Lee et al. 2001, NASN 2001, Smith &
Firmin 2009).
However, there was one troubling finding that deserves
attention. ‘Nurses as administrators and housekeepers fall
outside the nursing practice. If nurses in the school setting are
required to do these tasks, there are two negative consequences.
First, their skills and training are not being used effectively
and second, a devaluing of the nursing practice occurs. By
delineating how school nursing has developed into its current
role in Hong Kong, school nurse leaders and policy makers
should then consider developing and evaluating additional
mechanisms for professional competency assessment in
school nursing.
Conclusion
The school nurse has a crucial role to play in the seamless
provision of comprehensive health services to children and
ในการประสานงาน,
การมอบหมายและดูแลการทำงานในทักษะ
ๆ
ๆ
'เกลือต่ำและไขมันต่ำ
ๆ และชุมชนอื่น
ๆ
ๆ
ๆ
จำกัด
(ผู้เข้าร่วมที่
พยาบาลโรงเรียนครูผู้สอนและอื่น ๆ
การอ้างอิง,
แคนาดา,
(NASN 2001, Tossavainen
et al. 2004, สมาคมสาธารณสุขแคนาดา
2008, เวลส์สภารัฐบาล
ๆ
ๆ
(เวลส์สภารัฐบาล
2009 และ NASN 2001)
1998 Lee et al. 2001 NASN 2001 Smith &
Firmin 2009).
อย่างไรก็ตามมี
ๆ
devaluing
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..