scores of Indian tribes had "emigrated" from their lands as a result of European pressure, at times escaping from direct violence by European settlers, at times looking for food, at times being pushed by other native groups reacting to direct pressure from European settlers The process of removal became standardized federal policy in 1830, when Congress passed the Indian Removal Act." Some of the of this implemented and the Fox tribes Andrew Jackson's presidency (1829-1837). was the decimation and expulsion of the affiliated from the Upper Mississippi region (Black Hawk war of 1832).the forcible relocation of the Creek Choctaw and Cherokee the Territory (Trail Tears, 1838-1839) and the similar expulsion of the Seminole Indians from Florida to future oklahoma (Second Seminole War The process of forcible removal to reservations was repeated countless times from the1820s through the 1880s In the at the end of the leaders and thinkers century spread across from West to By the middle of the century,