This slide provides a broad overview of the main pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is demonstrated in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes. The pancreas develops relative insulin secretory failure and is no longer provide the amount of insulin required for normal glucose. The pancreas also demonstrates a failure of the normal suppression of glucagon after meals. This may be mediated through abnormalities in the incretin axis. Hepatic glucose production is also increased. Renal glucose output is set at a higer threshold than normal. Many of these defects may be influenced by abnormal central control of metabolism