Abstract: Problem statement: Spoilage of food products is due to chemical, enzymatic or microbial
activities One-fourth of the world’s food supply and 30% of landed fish are lost through microbial
activity alone. With the ever growing world population and the need to store and transport the food
from one place to another where it is needed, food preservation becomes necessary in order to increase
its shelf life and maintain its nutritional value, texture and flavor. The freshness and quality of fish
have always gained the attention by Food Regulatory Agencies and Food Processing Industry. Proper
handling, pretreatment and preservation techniques can improve the quality fish and fish products and
increase their shelf life. Methodology: Historically salting, drying, smoking, fermentation and canning
were the methods to prevent fish spoilage and extend its shelf life. In response to consumer demand for
texture, appearance and taste, new methods were developed including: Cooling, freezing and chemical
preservation. A comprehensive review of the literature on the subject of fish spoilage and modern
preservation techniques was carried out. Conclusion: Fish spoilage results from three basic
mechanisms: Enzymatic autolysis, oxidation, microbial growth. Low temperature storage and chemical
techniques for controlling water activity, enzymatic, oxidative and microbial spoilage are the most
common in the industry today. A process involving the addition of an EDTA (1 mM)-TBHQ (0.02%)
combination and ascorbic acid and storage at refrigerated temperatures (5°C) in darkness can be the
most positive for controlling the spoilage of fish and fish product. The suggested process would
address antimicrobial activity as well as destructive oxidation of the desired lipids and fats. However,
more efforts are required to understand the role of proximate composition of fish, post harvest history,
environmental conditions, initial microbial load, type and nature of bacteria and their interaction in
order to optimize the shelf-life of fish
Abstract: Problem statement: Spoilage of food products is due to chemical, enzymatic or microbial
activities One-fourth of the world’s food supply and 30% of landed fish are lost through microbial
activity alone. With the ever growing world population and the need to store and transport the food
from one place to another where it is needed, food preservation becomes necessary in order to increase
its shelf life and maintain its nutritional value, texture and flavor. The freshness and quality of fish
have always gained the attention by Food Regulatory Agencies and Food Processing Industry. Proper
handling, pretreatment and preservation techniques can improve the quality fish and fish products and
increase their shelf life. Methodology: Historically salting, drying, smoking, fermentation and canning
were the methods to prevent fish spoilage and extend its shelf life. In response to consumer demand for
texture, appearance and taste, new methods were developed including: Cooling, freezing and chemical
preservation. A comprehensive review of the literature on the subject of fish spoilage and modern
preservation techniques was carried out. Conclusion: Fish spoilage results from three basic
mechanisms: Enzymatic autolysis, oxidation, microbial growth. Low temperature storage and chemical
techniques for controlling water activity, enzymatic, oxidative and microbial spoilage are the most
common in the industry today. A process involving the addition of an EDTA (1 mM)-TBHQ (0.02%)
combination and ascorbic acid and storage at refrigerated temperatures (5°C) in darkness can be the
most positive for controlling the spoilage of fish and fish product. The suggested process would
address antimicrobial activity as well as destructive oxidation of the desired lipids and fats. However,
more efforts are required to understand the role of proximate composition of fish, post harvest history,
environmental conditions, initial microbial load, type and nature of bacteria and their interaction in
order to optimize the shelf-life of fish
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