the impact of industry, science, and cheap transportation on English agriculture worked first in one direction, then in the other. By the enclosure movement and the new techniques of the eighteenth century,British farming had been changed over into a large-scale, profit-making enterprise. High prices in the Napoleonic era had brought wealth to the landowners, but in the twenty-five years after 1815, prices were relatively low, workers were drawn off into the growing factories, and competition of cheap food from the Continent was increasing. For a while, agricultural profits were low, and agricultural classes suffered.