Therefore, the poverty incidence is divided into four aspects, namely monetary poverty; employment by economic activities; migration from rural areas; and purchasing power in term of real wage. The time-series data are utilized from 1980 to 2009 in both aggregate and economic sector levels including agriculture, industry and service. This study will begin with indicating the determinants of total factor productivity in Thai agriculture. Furthermore, the model that finds out the impact of agricultural productivity on Thai poverty incidence in those four aspects is initiated. Eventually, if their relationship is significant in the third section, an improvement in the total factor productivity in agriculture from sources that mention in the second section would be the major sources for the policy suggestion.