Mangrove State
The five mangrove state parameters for the three mangrove
sites are shown in Table 1. A total of 10 different species of true
mangroves was found across the three study areas with a
similar richness of species in the three areas (six in TPH, four
in KK and PNY). Species richness at the study sites was
medium based on the IIRR (1998) classification, in which a
mangrove forest with fewer than three mangrove species was
classified as having low species diversity, whereas a mangrove
forest with more than 10 species would have high diversity.
The three sites included saplings of six true mangrove
species and seedlings of nine true mangrove species. In
addition to the true mangroves, three other species were found
in significant numbers, namely saplings of Nypa fruticans
Wurmb., and saplings and seedlings of Acanthus ilicifolius
Linn. in KK, and seedlings of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. in
PNY. Avicennia officinalis L. was the only species found in all
three study areas.