research on primary cancer prevention and to develop effectivestrategies such as those that might be related to nutrition. Manynutrients – fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins B, D, carotenoids,phytoestrogens, fiber – have been described to have a potentialimpact on tumor development in animal experiments and popula-tion studies, but there is little support revealed by epidemiologicalstudies [4]. Issues such as measurement error in nutritional assess-ment, lack of sufficient follow-up and the differences in timing ofexposure may contribute to the discrepancies among epidemio-logical studies. Another source of variation that is not taken intoaccount in epidemiological studies is genomic diversity in
tumorphenotypes. Indeed, different forms of breast cancer can be iden-tified through specific gene expression profiles which correspondto different disease outcomes and sensitivity to treatment and arelikely to be associated to different risk factors [5].This review focuses on the relationship between breast cancerand some specific nutrients, dietary patterns, as well as alcoholintake and obesity, based on recent epidemiological studies.
research on primary cancer prevention and to develop effectivestrategies such as those that might be related to nutrition. Manynutrients – fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins B, D, carotenoids,phytoestrogens, fiber – have been described to have a potentialimpact on tumor development in animal experiments and popula-tion studies, but there is little support revealed by epidemiologicalstudies [4]. Issues such as measurement error in nutritional assess-ment, lack of sufficient follow-up and the differences in timing ofexposure may contribute to the discrepancies among epidemio-logical studies. Another source of variation that is not taken intoaccount in epidemiological studies is genomic diversity in
tumorphenotypes. Indeed, different forms of breast cancer can be iden-tified through specific gene expression profiles which correspondto different disease outcomes and sensitivity to treatment and arelikely to be associated to different risk factors [5].This review focuses on the relationship between breast cancerand some specific nutrients, dietary patterns, as well as alcoholintake and obesity, based on recent epidemiological studies.
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