The field sites used in the present study are Narrabeen Beach, New
South Wales (NSW), Australia; Milford-on-Sea Beach, Christchurch
Bay, UK; Hasaki Coast, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan; and Joetsu-Ogata
Coast, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. These sites have distinctly different
characteristics in terms of exposure, sediment characteristics, tidal regime
and incident wave climate. Historical beach profile surveys and
wave measurements spanning a few decades are available at all 4 sites
making them ideal candidates for this multi-time scale analysis and
inter-comparison. The selected cross-shore transects selected from
these sites reported to have the least impact from longshore sediment
transport