Earnings management is defined by Copeland (1968) in
Haryudanto and Yuyetta (2011) as "the ability to increase
of or decrease reported net income at will ", which means
the ability of management to increase or decrease
reported net income at will. It can give management an
opportunity to report financial information to the owners of
different companies. In this theory, principal and agent
have different goals resulting in a conflict of interest. The
owner of the company does not have sufficient
information about the performance of the manager and
the state of the company, while the manager himself has
a lot of information about the state of the company.
Driven by personal interests and opportunity, the
manager can take advantage of these circumstances to
perform earnings management, and report financial
reporting not in accordance with the actual state of the
company. As a consequence, the owner of the company
cannot make investment decisions optimally. When the
owner of the company or shareholders find any indication
of earnings management in the company, the value of the
company goes down drastically in the stock market
(Dechow et al., 1995). This usually has a very serious
impact on business owners and other stakeholders.
When that happens, the stakeholders will take action that
would threaten the existence of management.
Businesses are performed by managers to secure their
position which is to engage in activities aimed at
improving the relationship between the company and
stakeholders and the social environment, in this case the
CSR. To attract the support of these groups, the usual
CSR activities is to enter into the social aspects of the
production process, adopt the practice of human
resource development progressively, increasing activity