Finally, our study underscores the central importance accorded to service co-production
in the concept of TOE openness.
This implies that examining the role of TOE openness in firm performance without isolating and accounting for the details of service co-production may lead to an incomplete understanding or even misleading results.
Furthermore, by incorporating the moderating role of PRR, a more comprehensive account of the complexity of the processes by which firms attain superior performance can be achieved.
Therefore, this study challenges researchers and managers to take a more sophisticated assessment of how and why TOE openness affects firm performance.