The health shock measure. The derivation of the variables related to health status are from
two questions in the survey. The rst asks whether the individual, during the past four weeks, had
been sick, injured, or suering from a chronic or acute disease (Any Illness); if the response is yes,
the second question records the number of days that the person had been unable to carry out daily
activities due to the illness in the same period (Severe Illness).18 The second question is intended