In evaluating the contribution of information systems to the organization, some
I/S researchers have studied the processing system itself. Kriebel and Raviv (1980,
1982) created and tested a productivity model for computer systems, including such
performance measures as resource utilization and investment utilization. Alloway
(1980) developed 26 criteria for measuring the success of a data processing operation.
The efficiency of hardware utilization was among Alloway's system success criteria.