3.3. Investigating Iron. Considering no iron compounds were
identified using XRD other than the elemental presence
detected using ICP and XEDS, two possibilities exist for the
ultimate fate of Fe presence in SnO2 nanoparticles: (a) the
iron compounds (most probably oxides) are at low enough
concentrations in the products that they cannot be distinctly
identified with XRD or (b) the iron is incorporated into the
SnO2 lattice, generating iron-doped tin dioxide nanopowders.
To investigate the first hypothesis, an increased concentration
of 10 at% IPC in TMT was tested to produce a higher
iron-based component within tin dioxide nanopowders to
assist XRD identification. Subsequent XRD analyses of the
products from 10 at% IPC yielded identical results when
compared to the 2.5 at% IPC—only cassiterite-phase tin
dioxide was identified while no peaks could be attributed
to any iron or iron based compound. These results are in
agreement with the recently published work by Alexandrescu
and co-workers [32] using IPC and TMT as precursors with
laser pyrolysis, where no iron compounds were identified.
Melghit and Bouziane [15] also demonstrated the absence of
iron-based compounds in tin dioxide powders and attributed
the outcome to Fe atoms substituting Sn in the lattice with
comparable iron concentrations to this study. Additionally,
the nanopowders with higher iron-content, when analyzed
with TEM image analysis, produced a mean primary particle
size of 13nm with over 500 particles counted (sampled at
64mm height). XRD analysis yielded crystallite diameter of
14.5 nm for these samples. Therefore, no appreciable change
in primary particle size was observed with increased IPC concentration.
3.3. Investigating Iron. Considering no iron compounds wereidentified using XRD other than the elemental presencedetected using ICP and XEDS, two possibilities exist for theultimate fate of Fe presence in SnO2 nanoparticles: (a) theiron compounds (most probably oxides) are at low enoughconcentrations in the products that they cannot be distinctlyidentified with XRD or (b) the iron is incorporated into theSnO2 lattice, generating iron-doped tin dioxide nanopowders.To investigate the first hypothesis, an increased concentrationof 10 at% IPC in TMT was tested to produce a higheriron-based component within tin dioxide nanopowders toassist XRD identification. Subsequent XRD analyses of theproducts from 10 at% IPC yielded identical results whencompared to the 2.5 at% IPC—only cassiterite-phase tindioxide was identified while no peaks could be attributedto any iron or iron based compound. These results are inagreement with the recently published work by Alexandrescuand co-workers [32] using IPC and TMT as precursors withlaser pyrolysis, where no iron compounds were identified.Melghit and Bouziane [15] also demonstrated the absence ofiron-based compounds in tin dioxide powders and attributedthe outcome to Fe atoms substituting Sn in the lattice withcomparable iron concentrations to this study. Additionally,the nanopowders with higher iron-content, when analyzedwith TEM image analysis, produced a mean primary particleขนาดของ 13nm กับอนุภาค 500 นับ (ตัวอย่างที่64 มม.ความสูง) การวิเคราะห์ XRD ผล crystallite เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางของ14.5 nm ตัวอย่างเหล่านี้ ดังนั้น ไม่เห็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงในอนุภาคหลัก ขนาดถูกสังเกต ด้วยความเข้มข้นของ IPC ที่เพิ่มขึ้น
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