In this work, the device was used to dynamically and simultaneously measure the restraint force from the sand mold and the contraction of the casting during cooling. Next, we investigated the effect of the sand mold type and dimensions of the casting on the restraint force and the contraction of the casting.
Additionally, we examined how permanent deformation in the casting which influences the
residual stress and the distortion of the casting is affected by the type of sand mold and the dimension of the casting.
We discuss the mechanical interaction between the casting and the sand mold and the increasing permanent deformation in the castings during cooling in both high-strength sand molds (Furan sand mold) and low-strength sand molds (green sand mold).
Finally, we suggest general considerations of the sand mold in thermal stress analysis
using the experimental findings obtained in this study.