Malvidin presents in nature principally as the glycosylated
form with the sugar moiety attached at position 3
on the c-ring, that is, malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-
galactoside. Bioavailability of anthocyanins was extensively
studied due to the different mechanisms of the uptake
and metabolism (deconjugation, glucuronidation, sulfation,
and deglucuronidation) in various cell lines. Passamonti
et al. found Mv-3-glc possessed better bioavailability than
other anthocyanidins due to the greater efficacy of binding
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Volume 2016, Article ID 1591803, 10 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1591803
to organic anion membrane carrier, bilitranslocase [15].
Rossetto et al. reported that Mv-3-glc showed synergistic
antioxidant effect with catechin on free radical-initiated
peroxidation of linoleic acid in micelles [16], and Grace et
al. reported its significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic
C57b1/6J mice [17]. Additionally, Mv-3-glc is a potent antiinflammatory
agent in vitro and in vivo, without detectable
toxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,
which inhibits human macrophage-derived inflammatory
mediators and decreases clinical scores in arthritic rats
and inhibits ear oedema and leukocytes migration [18, 19].
Our previous study also found that Mv-3-glc and Mv-3-
gal could inhibit TNF-