1.The raw product should come in at one end of the plant and should emerge in the finished state at the other end.
2.Aisles should be provided for transportation purposes and should be kept clear at all times.
3.Like operations should be grouped and arranged in straight lines or orderly rows.
4.Ample space for placing material should be provided around each operation.
Layouts prepared on the basis of these principles were pleasing in appearance, and orderliness and lack of crowding resulted. However, after making a number of detailed studies of this type of setup, many inefficiencies were found to exist. Material and employees had to travel too far. Materials-handling labor was high , it was frequently difficult to provide an efficient flow pattern for the material, and there was too much waste space. This realization and careful studies produced a new set of principles which are: