5. Results and discussion
5.1. WTE benefits in Libya
Interest in converting waste to energy has recently in Libya because this technology will reduce fossil fuel usage,
greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and landfill dumping. Advanced technologies can be used to generate fuel from waste,
reducing the country's dependence on increasingly scarce and expensive non-renewable fossil-fuel resources. Using waste
as a feedstock for energy production reduces the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. Traditional incineration produces
CO2 and pollutants. We can observe that biogas from waste landfill contains 55% CH4 that has a calorific value of 21.5 MJ/
Nm3
, while pure CH4 has a calorific value of 35.8 MJ/Nm3
; this is the reason to remove CO2 from raw biogas. The energy
balance of biogas is highly important, which can replace many other form of combustible gas, and (Fig. 4-b) illustrates the
calorific value that can be replaced by methane. Advanced methods (e.g., gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction) have the
potential to provide a double benefit: reduced CO2 emissions as compared to incineration and coal plants and reduced
methane emissions from landfills. Landfills require large amounts of land that could be used for other purposes; the
incineration of solid waste can generate energy while reducing the volume of waste by up to 80%.