This literature analysis provided evidence for
Leininger's (1991) Cultural Care Theory by showing that
cultural factors have influence on children's pain.
However, the amount of existing literature was fairly
limited which is a challenge for study reliability.
Additionally, children's age varied significantly, which
may have influence on the findings. On the other hand,
fairly similar cultural factors influencing children's pain
have been identified all over the world which provides
evidence for the results of this literature analysis.
Existing studies provided information of values,
practices and traditions influencing children's pain.
However, based on this literature analysis, we do not
know what are the basic, embedded elements in each
culture that lead to beliefs, values and perceptions ofchildren's pain. Knowing the ethno-history of each
culture would provide a deeper understanding of factors
influencing children's pain. Additionally, several issues,
such as physical punishment can be considered both legal
factors and cultural values. Physical punishment is legally
forbidden in many countries, but also a cultural tradition
in several settings. Therefore, more research is needed to
clarify the relationship between the elements of Cultural
Care Theory