Electrochemical Detection
Electrochemical techniques often require a three-electrode system, that is, a counter electrode,
reference electrode and working electrode. In creating a paper-based electrochemical sensor, a
three-electrode system is replicated on paper. This means that such a sensor could replace the
traditional electroanalytical method where expensive solid state electrodes are required. As discussed
earlier in Section 2.2, in order to develop such an electrochemical sensor, an additional step in the
fabrication process is the deposition of electrodes, usually in the form of conductive inks, on the paper.
Additionally, in order to perform voltammetric experiments a potentiostat is necessary which is low in
power and can be made portable.