The situation is more promising in other aspects of health
promotion, such as cervical screening and childhood vaccinations.
Here, there is good evidence from controlled trials that these
activities are cost-effective in generating health gains for patients.
Most of this health promotion work is organised and delivered by
nurses, not doctors; and gains made in reducing inequalities in
health and health care provision in England over the 1990s were
achieved largely through the introduction of these nurse-led
services