Several other less common therapeutic approaches have been reported anecdotally,
including aprotinin134,135 and serine proteinase inhibitor FOY136 to manage DIC, uterine
artery embolization for controlling severe postpartum hemorrhage,125,137 cardiopulmonary
bypass for the treatment of catastrophic pulmonary vasoconstriction,69 cardiopulmonary
bypass and pulmonary artery thromboembolectomy,138 inhaled aerosolized prostacyclin as a
selective pulmonary vasodilator for the treatment of severe hypoxemia,139 thrombolysis
with tissue-plasminogen activator,140 continuous hemodiafiltration for presumably
eliminating amniotic fluid from the maternal blood stream, removal of cytokines, and
treatment of metabolic acidosis,141 arteriovenous hemofiltration,142 exchange
transfusion,143 and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intraaortic balloon
counterpulsation for treating left ventricular failure unresponsive to medical therapy.144 The
use of heparin therapy to treat DIC and corticosteroids is controversial.