In Egypt, River Nile which floods about 55 billionm3 water a
year is the most important water resources for agricultural, industrial,
and urban activities. Rainfall which is about 13mma year and
occurs only in winter season is not sufficient even for an irrigation
interval. Even though, most of ground water comes due to infiltrating
and moving water from Nile or its irrigated fields. More than
85% of water consumption is due to agricultural related activities.
Moreover, a large number of small scale farmers who owns dispersed
plots over an area irrigate their crops from small earthen
ditches where it is impossible to measure the water used by individual
farmers. Farmers rationally endeavor to obtain more water
during its flowing in ditches to achieve maximum crop production,
but, not all of them can have the same quantity of water under
the limited availability of water. Therefore, modern irrigation techniques
are demanded in order to use water more efficiently and
sustain the increase of both cultivated land and populations.