Limited degrees of freedom for a typical manager to redesign a strategy: The degree of freedom enjoyed by a typical business unit manager may be even less than that of the top manager of a whole company. Whereas a top manager (e.g., Jeff Immelt at GE or John Chambers at Cisco Systems) might be able to implement a radical design should he or she wish to do so, a typical business unit manager (e.g., Anne LeGrand, Vice President and General Manager of GE’s global X-ray business in July 2010) might be constrained by the overall agenda of the company (a broader level than the business unit he or she is heading; e.g., the business unit is supposed to play a specific role, such as generating cash, in the overall company) and the need to satisfy multiple stakeholders, including employees, managers, and shareholders, among others. The manager might also be constrained by his or her risk preferences. For example, while aiming for superior performance through a radical re-design of strategy, the manager runs a real risk that the strategy won’t pay off and the actual will fall well short of expectations. This phenomenon of falling quite short while aiming for superior performance is well illustrated by the contrasting fortunes of two successive CEOs of Procter & Gamble—Durk jaeger and A. G. Lafley