The topic of gender and physical education with a particular focus on girls has been widely researched and reported in the English language literature. The issues influencing girls’ participation in physical education and sport and the potential benefits they derive from their experiences are well known. Table 1 draws on a sample of the literature published over the past decade to show the issues influencing girls’ participation. Table 2 also lists some barriers to girls’ and women’s participation in sport in two Middle Eastern and four Asian countries. As these tables demonstrate, “the problem” is complex, manifesting itself at policy and strategy (macro), professional and institutional (meso), and personal and social (micro) levels.