While there have been many challenges to the New Public Management and many alternative ideas prominently advanced by scholars and practitioners. there have been no attempts to organize these efforts and underscore their common themes. This article is an effort to do so. First, it briefly summarizes the foundations and major arguments of the new public management as it contrasts with the old public administration. It then describes an alternative normative model we call the “New Public Service.” This new model further clarifies the debate by suggesting new ways of thinking about the strengths and weaknesses of all three approaches. We conclude by considering the implications of placing citizens, citizenship, and the public interest at the forefront of a New Public Service.