Regarding unintended gene effects and interaction, Rowland (2002) suggested that “much
has been made in the media of the possibility of pleiotropic effects resulting from the
insertion of genes into the GM plant. For example, the insertion of a gene coupled with
a promoter into a plant chromosome could trigger the expression of a neighbouring gene
for a toxin or allergen that was previously present but not expressed. It should be noted
that pleiotropic effects—although unlikely—could also occur during conventional plant
breeding”.
On allergenic potential, the same author (Rowland, 2002) stated that “assessing the
allergenic potential of novel foods presents major problems, since there are no reliable tests
for predicting allergenicity. Consequently, a variety of approaches are taken in the safety
evaluation process to provide an indication of allergenic potential. For example, the stability
of the novel protein(s) to the processing steps employed in the preparation of the food and to
digestive processes are assessed, since many allergenic proteins are extremely resistant to
degradation. The amino acid sequence of the novel protein can be compared with databases
of known allergens etc. It is obviously advisable to avoid using plants containing known
allergens, e.g. peanuts and Brazil nuts, as sources of genes for GM plants”.
With regard to antibiotic resistance, this can occur for the use of antibiotics in the early
stages of the process of genetic modification to select for the gene construct including resistance
to antibiotics. This may be transferred to gut bacteria; nevertheless, the likelihood of
transfer is small, and the antimicrobial resistance marker generally used is kanamycin, an
unusual antibiotic. However, the FAO/WHO expert consultation report (Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000) advocates that antibiotic marker genes should be excised after the
initial multiplication step, a measure endorsed by EU since 2005 (EU directive 2001/18).
A rich literature is presently available on the risk of gene flow; since 2000, a group of
experts of the Novel Food Task Force of ILSI Europe (Limelette, Belgium, 26–28 June
2000) has discussed this topic, drawing some conclusions based on the evidence provided
Regarding unintended gene effects and interaction, Rowland (2002) suggested that “much
has been made in the media of the possibility of pleiotropic effects resulting from the
insertion of genes into the GM plant. For example, the insertion of a gene coupled with
a promoter into a plant chromosome could trigger the expression of a neighbouring gene
for a toxin or allergen that was previously present but not expressed. It should be noted
that pleiotropic effects—although unlikely—could also occur during conventional plant
breeding”.
On allergenic potential, the same author (Rowland, 2002) stated that “assessing the
allergenic potential of novel foods presents major problems, since there are no reliable tests
for predicting allergenicity. Consequently, a variety of approaches are taken in the safety
evaluation process to provide an indication of allergenic potential. For example, the stability
of the novel protein(s) to the processing steps employed in the preparation of the food and to
digestive processes are assessed, since many allergenic proteins are extremely resistant to
degradation. The amino acid sequence of the novel protein can be compared with databases
of known allergens etc. It is obviously advisable to avoid using plants containing known
allergens, e.g. peanuts and Brazil nuts, as sources of genes for GM plants”.
With regard to antibiotic resistance, this can occur for the use of antibiotics in the early
stages of the process of genetic modification to select for the gene construct including resistance
to antibiotics. This may be transferred to gut bacteria; nevertheless, the likelihood of
transfer is small, and the antimicrobial resistance marker generally used is kanamycin, an
unusual antibiotic. However, the FAO/WHO expert consultation report (Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000) advocates that antibiotic marker genes should be excised after the
initial multiplication step, a measure endorsed by EU since 2005 (EU directive 2001/18).
A rich literature is presently available on the risk of gene flow; since 2000, a group of
experts of the Novel Food Task Force of ILSI Europe (Limelette, Belgium, 26–28 June
2000) has discussed this topic, drawing some conclusions based on the evidence provided
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
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Regarding unintended gene effects and interaction, Rowland (2002) suggested that “much
has been made in the media of the possibility of pleiotropic effects resulting from the
insertion of genes into the GM plant. For example, the insertion of a gene coupled with
a promoter into a plant chromosome could trigger the expression of a neighbouring gene
สำหรับสารพิษหรือสารก่อภูมิแพ้ที่ก่อนหน้านี้เพียงแต่ไม่ได้แสดงออกมา มันควรจะตั้งข้อสังเกตว่าแม้ไม่น่า pleiotropic
ผลยังอาจเกิดขึ้นในระหว่างการผสมพันธุ์พืช
ศักยภาพปกติ ภูมิแพ้ ผู้เขียนเดียวกัน ( Rowland , 2002 ) กล่าวว่า " การประเมินศักยภาพของอาหารภูมิแพ้
นวนิยายนำเสนอปัญหาหลัก เนื่องจากไม่มีการทดสอบความน่าเชื่อถือ
ทำนาย allergenicity .ดังนั้นความหลากหลายของวิธีการถ่ายในตู้
การประเมินกระบวนการที่จะมีการระบุศักยภาพของภูมิแพ้ ตัวอย่างเช่น เสถียรภาพของโปรตีนใหม่
( s ) กระบวนการที่ใช้ในการเตรียมอาหารและกระบวนการย่อยอาหารจะ
ประเมิน เนื่องจากโปรตีนก่อภูมิแพ้มาก
มากทนต่อการย่อยสลาย The amino acid sequence of the novel protein can be compared with databases
of known allergens etc. It is obviously advisable to avoid using plants containing known
allergens, e.g. peanuts and Brazil nuts, as sources of genes for GM plants”.
With regard to antibiotic resistance, this can occur for the use of antibiotics in the early
ขั้นตอนของกระบวนการของการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางพันธุกรรมเพื่อเลือกสำหรับสร้าง ได้แก่ ยีนต้านทาน
ยาปฏิชีวนะ นี้อาจจะถูกโอนไปยังแบคทีเรียในลำไส้ อย่างไรก็ตาม โอกาสของ
โอนมีขนาดเล็กและการดื้อต่อสารต้านจุลชีพที่ใช้โดยทั่วไปคือเครื่องหมายเป็นยาปฏิชีวนะ kanamycin
ที่ผิดปกติ อย่างไรก็ตาม องค์การอาหารและเกษตรแห่งสหประชาชาติ / ที่ปรึกษาผู้เชี่ยวชาญรายงาน ( องค์การอาหารและการเกษตร
, 2000) advocates that antibiotic marker genes should be excised after the
initial multiplication step, a measure endorsed by EU since 2005 (EU directive 2001/18).
A rich literature is presently available on the risk of gene flow; since 2000, a group of
experts of the Novel Food Task Force of ILSI Europe (Limelette, Belgium, 26–28 June
2000) has discussed this topic,การวาดข้อสรุปบางอย่างขึ้นอยู่กับหลักฐานให้
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
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