; Present Hedonistic, which measures focus on pleasure experienced “here and now” as well as disregard of past experience and the future consequences of one's actions (e.g., I believe that getting together with one's friends to party is one of life's important pleasures; 15 items; a ¼ .63); Future, measuring focus on goals and the formulation of future plans (e.g., I am able to resist temptations when I know that there is work to be done; 3 items; a ¼ .71); Past Positive, which measures thinking back to positively evaluated past events (e.g., Happy memories of good times spring readily to mind; 3 items; a ¼ .51); Present Fatalistic, measuring focus on the present combined with a belief that one has no influence on the future (e.g., Fate determines much in my life; 3 items; a ¼ .56). Responses were given on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (very untrue) to 5 (very true).