SUSTAINABILITY TRANSFORMATION FRAMEWORK
As a solution to problem, the authors design and develop
a sustainability transformation framework, which presents
the sequential activities, for HEIs transformation towards
sustainable campus. This framework contains of three
essential factors: (i) decision making levels, (ii)
transformation phases, and (iii) transformation procedures.
Figure 3 shows the sustainability transformation framework
based on an examination of the literatures in sustainability
transformation and preliminary analysis.
The first factor is decision making levels, which usually
defined according to the planning time horizon, specifically
strategic, tactical and operational. At the strategic level, the
HEIs establish objectives that are consistent with a higher
order mission statement and define strategies to achieve each
of those sustainability objectives. Strategic decisions are
long-term in their impact. They affect and shape the direction
of the whole business. They are generally made by senior
managers. The top level managers of the HEIs need to take a
strategic decision about sustainability initiatives. Long-term
forecasts of sustainability practices set against internal and
external conditions will help to determine the sustainability
transformation. The tactical level covers the planning of
sustainability transformation, schedules, and the forecasting
of sustainability initiatives. Tactical decisions help to
implement the strategy. They are usually made by middle
management. The operational level deals with day-to-day
short term sustainability decisions.