The concentration of viable cells in samples was calculated as
the average number of colonies found for each decimal dilution,
corrected by the dilution factor and expressed as the log CFU ml1or log CFU g1 ± standard deviation. The average microbial populations
survived to different dipping treatments as described in
the section 2.3.1 were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA); the significance of differences (P 0.05) between mean
values were evaluated by the Tukey test.