while non-aseptic conditions were employed, secures the fact thatthe bioreactor’s dimensions and specifically the aspect ratio areadequate for a process scale-up in a full-scale reactor. On the otherhand, in various bioprocesses including production of ethanol uti-lization of raw OMWs originated from press extraction systemscould be used without supplementary addition of molasses or otherinexpensive sugars and thus the cost of the process could be furtherreduced (Sarris et al., 2011) (for a state-of-the-art review deal-ing with the production of several valuable metabolites throughOMW biotechnological valorization, see: Crognale et al., 2006). S.cerevisiae MAK-1, as stated above, has been previously cultivatedon glucose-enriched OMWs under sterile and completely non-sterile shake-flask and bioreactor trials. The EtOHmaxconcentrationreported was of 52.0 g L−1(YEtOH/TSvalue = 0.46 g g−1).