A greater change in plasma cholesterol was observed in the group who ate wheat foods before barley foods (12% compared with 2% when the order was reversed, Fig 1). This was interpreted as indicating both a duration effect (4 wk was too short a period) as well as the possibility of a slight cholesterol-raising effect(nonsignificant) of increased wheat food intake. Such a wheat effect has also been observed in animal and human studies (3, 20, 2 1) and reinforces the main thesis that substitution of wheat-based foods by barley foods is practical and confers some significant advantages.