Adult S. oryzae were selected to determine the treatment efficacy, because removal of internal stages from the seeds causes high
mortality and the adult S. oryzae was the most RF-tolerant stages
(Wangspa et al., 2015). Test insects were obtained from a laboratory
culture originally obtained from Yangling, Shaanxi, China and
reared in 600 mL glass jars containing insecticide-free rice under
ambient conditions of about 26 ± 2 C with 65% relative humidity
and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h using artificial light.