Public action to violate property rights occurs when public officials, such as politicians and government bureaucrats, force or blackmail income, resources, or the property itself from property holders. This can be done through legal mechanisms such as seizing excessive taxation, requiring expensive licenses or permits from property holders, or taking assets into state ownership without compensating the owners. It can be done through illegal means, or corruption, by demanding bribes from businesses in return for the rights to operate in a country, industry, or location