the partial onset seizures
0:07otherwise known as focal seizures remain a treatment challenge for some patients
0:11despite a number of therapeutic options
0:14thus there is substantial need for additional
0:17antiepileptic drugs the inhibition a voltage-gated sodium channels
0:23is a mechanism by which a number of antiepileptic drugs may work
0:26up I sodium channels are key proteins involved in action potential firing in
0:33most excitable cells
0:34mediating the transport of electrical activity
0:37through the brain Moroccan classes are conducted by the opening and closing of
0:42sodium and other
0:44voltage-gated ion channels which regulate neuronal excitability
0:48by allowing passage of ions across the cell membrane up
0:52sodium channels are closed in the resting state with mild membrane
0:56depolarization
0:58the sodium channel opens allowing an influx of sodium
1:01as the intracellular concentration of positive ions increases
1:05the inactivation particle quickly closes the channel
1:09stopping the inward flow of sodium the sodium channel
1:12is now inactivated and remains unavailable until the cell membrane
1:16potential
1:17re polarizes recovery from inactivation
1:21allows the sodium channel to participate in the next action potential
1:25a sustained succession of rapidly occurring action potentials may spread
1:29to involve surrounding neurons
1:31which may trigger an epileptic seizure
1:35one type of sodium channel blockade modulates repetitive neuron firing by
1:40prolonging the inactivated state
1:42over D polarized sodium