The amylose is present in
amorphous form in the starch granule reducing its crystallinity and, consequently, reducing
the enthalpy change of starch gelatinization. High-amylose maize starch has a gelatinization
temperature above 100°C because of its long branch chains of amylopectin (Li et al 2008).
Starch with high proportion of the phosphate-monoester derivatives on its amylopectin also
had a low gelatinization temperature because of the repulsion force between the negative
charge of the phosphate-monoester derivatives (Jane et al 1999)