The potential benefits include: (1) embedded propulsion, eliminating pylon and nacelle drag; (2) distributed propulsion, enabling high propulsive efficiency through wake filling and potential noise reduction via low mean jet velocity; (3) boundary-layer ingestion, producing flow separation control for STOL operation; (4) circulation control, producing demonstrated lift coefficient on the order of 7 using powered lift and jet flaps; (5) reduced flight control surfaces (tail, stabilizer) by use of differential thrust, differential lift, inlet flaps, jet flaps, and vectored thrust to control aircraft roll, yaw and pitch; (6) hybrid systems combining the cross-flow fan with other propulsion systems.