Much of early climate change research and policy separated mitigation
(curtailing the anthropogenic activities that intensify climate change) from
adaptation (preparing for the consequences). Increasingly, though, they are
interconnected and must be aligned with the broader goals of sustainable
development (McEvoy et al., 2006; World Bank, 2010). Analysis of proposed
measures can reveal potential synergies, conflicts, and trade-offs. The
restoration of urban green spaces, for example, serves both urban mitigation
and adaptation: not only do these areas sequester carbon, but they also
protect urban areas from damage associated with extreme weather events
(UN-Habitat, 2011).